See the different types of vaccines you may encounter for your herd.
An askifas article maintains “Having healthy animals is the wish of every farmer, but keeping animals healthy requires a good herd health management plan.” Florida ranchers will encounter an array of different vaccines for their herds, and they are a critical component of herd health and production. See an explanation below from the article of the different types of vaccines that can be utilized as part of a good herd health management plan.
Different Types of Vaccines for Your Herd
The article shares that “Most vaccines induce protection by priming the system to mount an antibody response… Most vaccines work by introducing the body’s system to pathogen-specific proteins. Often, without this “sneak preview” from the vaccine, the animal cannot generate an immune response quickly enough to clear or destroy the pathogen.”
Types of vaccines for your herd include:
Attenuated vaccine: “Some vaccines contain live, attenuated microorganisms. An attenuated virus is an active virus cultivated under conditions that disable their virulent properties or use closely related but less dangerous organisms to produce a broad immune response…”
Inactivated vaccine: “Vaccines that use the killed germ of a previously virulent microorganism that has been destroyed with chemicals, heat, or radiation. Inactivated vaccines may require multiple doses (booster shots) for ongoing immunity against diseases because their protection is not as strong as that of live vaccines…”
Toxoid vaccines: “Some microorganisms can create toxins that harm cells and play a role in causing diseases. Toxoids are made from inactivated harmful substances produced by these microorganisms. Vaccines using toxoids create an immune response targeted to the toxin instead of the whole microorganism…”
Subunit vaccines: “Subunit vaccines employ specific portions of pathogens, such as isolated proteins, to trigger the immune system. This approach can also involve genetic engineering, where a gene coding for a vaccine protein is inserted into a different virus or producer cells…”
Conjugate vaccine: “Similar to recombinant vaccines, these consist of two components. They combine fragments from bacterial polysaccharide outer coats with carrier proteins, enhancing the immune response. These pieces of bacteria would be less effective alone, but when linked to a carrier protein, they generate immunity against potential infections…”
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) vaccines: “OMVs are released spontaneously during growth by many groups of bacteria. They have the ability to naturally provoke an immune response in the body of a human or animal and can be manipulated to produce potent vaccines…”
Heterologous vaccines: “These are also known as “Jennerian vaccines.” The heterologous vaccines contain pathogens from other animals that either do not cause disease or cause mild illness in the organism being treated…”
Viral vector vaccines: “This vaccine works by using a harmless virus to put certain genes from a harmful germ into the body. These genes help the body create specific parts of the germ, such as surface proteins. These parts then trigger the immune system to respond and protect against the germ…”
RNA vaccine: “This is a novel type of vaccine composed of nucleic acid RNA packaged within a unique delivery system such as lipid nanoparticles. The vaccine works by introducing a small piece of viral protein into the body through a piece of messenger RNA (mRNA), which prompts the immune system to produce specialized antibodies. This process does not expose individuals to the virus or result in infection. Instead, it prepares the immune system to respond quickly and effectively if the individual is exposed to the virus in the future. By providing this protection, mRNA vaccines are an important tool in the fight against disease.”
See our next blog in the series for tips for protecting the efficacy of vaccines.
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